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different side chains (R groups) attached to a carboxyl carbon

The 20 different amino acids gets differ from each other by varying side chain, i.e., R group.

What are amino acids?

Amino acids are compounds that form proteins when they integrate. The fundamental components of life are amino acids and proteins.

Amino acids are left over after proteins are metabolized or broken down. To help the body, the human body utilizes amino acids to start making proteins: Food is broken down.

Amino acids are organic compounds that possess amino and carboxylic acid functional groups, as well as an amino acid-specific side chain.

Amino acids differ in terms of their side chains, that are made reference to as R groups. Each amino acid's R group will have a distinct structure, electrical charge, and polarity.

Thus, this R group make the amino acids different.

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