Ribosomes are important bacterial targets for antibiotics. Drugs inhibit ribosome function by interfering with the translation of messenger RNA or by blocking peptide bond formation at the peptidyltransferase center. These effects are attributed to drug binding to ribosomal subunits.
Ribosomes are intercellular structures composed of both RNA and protein and are the site of protein synthesis within the cell. Ribosomes read sequences of messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate this genetic code into specific chains of amino acids. This chain grows into a long chain that folds into a protein.
A well-known eukaryotic translation inhibitor is cycloheximide (CHX, 1), which is the most commonly used laboratory reagent to inhibit protein synthesis (Figure 1). . CHX has been shown to block the elongation step of eukaryotic translation. It binds to and inhibits ribosomes
Antimicrobials that affect the structure of the ribosome itself? aminoglycosides, antisense nucleic acids, and oxazolidinones. Each of these agents actually alters or prevents the formation of intact 70S ribosomes.
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