Antibody binding to the receptor may be causing the two parts of the receptor to dimerize. Since the signaling molecule normally activates the receptor by causing dimerization, the antibody could be activating the receptor by mimicking this interaction.
Antibodies are proteins made by B-Cells that are specific to the antigen of a foreign pathogen.
Antibodies have to identical polypeptide chains that have a Y shape fold to hold down a specific antigen of the foreign pathogen.
Thus, the result would be activation of the phosphorylation cascade even in the absence of the signaling molecule.
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