The presence of electron donating methoxy group in p-methoxybenzaldehyde , makes it less reactive towards nucleophilic additions.
Nucleophilic addition reactions that involve of p-Nitrobenzaldehyde and p-methoxybenzaldehyde both occur at the C=O functional group. The electron density around the carbonyl is a key factor that controls the reactivity of each compound.
In p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, the electron withdrawing nitro group decreases the electron density around the carbonyl making it more vulnerable to nucleophilic attack.
In p-methoxybenzaldehyde, the methoxy group donates electrons by resonance towards the carbonyl thereby increasing the electron density around it so that it is less reactive towards nucleophillic addition reaction.
The nucleophilic attack on p-Nitrobenzaldehyde leads to more resonance structures than nucleophilic attack on p-methoxybenzaldehyde.
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