Explanation:
A presidiowas a fort where Spanish soldiers lived. The purpose of a presidiowas the protection ofthe missions and the pueblos.One of the biggest problems for the presidios was a lack of food. In exchange for the protection of the missions and pueblos, the missions and the pueblos gave thesoldiers food. The presidios and the missions were built by Indian workers.Spanish colonial officials chose carefully the location for each of the Californianpresidios.Like the missions, the military forts were placed where fresh water was accessibleand as near to ports as possible. Presidios were needed to defend harbors against attack from foreign ships. The first Alta Californian presidio, built in San Diego in 1769, was soon followed by others. These subsequent presidios were evenly distributed among the coastal missionsat San Francisco, Monterey and Santa Barbara. A pueblowas a farming community (village) built close to the missions and settled by people from Mexico. Pueblos were the first Spanish settlements in California not run by priests or soldiers.
A pueblo’s most important person was the alcaldewho served as a mayor and a judge. Each pueblo was laid out around a plaza, or square park.One of the most pressing problems in the early days of Spanish California was obtaining a sufficient food supply for the soldiers at the presidios. Government officials attempted to solve this problem by founding civilian towns, or pueblos, in northern and southern California. The pueblos were different from other Spanish settlements because they were not run by priests or soldiers. Pueblos were small towns developed around presidios where soldiers lived with their families.To attract settlers to the new towns, the government provided free land, livestock, farming equipment, and an annual allowance for the purchase of clothing and other supplies. In addition, the settlers were exempt from all taxes for five years. In return for this aid, the settlers were required to sell their surplus agricultural products to the presidios. The first puebloto be established in Alta California was San José, founded on November 29, 1777near the southern end of San Francisco Bay.
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