During translation, tRNA recognizes the mRNA codons, complements them, and add the correct amino acid to the growing protein. CODON and PROTEIN are the missing words.
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Protein synthesis
Occurs in two steps. Transcription and translation.
Transcription ⇒ mRNA syntheis
- The first step before protein synthesis begins is to synthesize messenger RNA, mRNA.
- This is the coping process of the DNA section for the desired protein, and it happens in the nucleus.
Translation:
⇒ Cytoplasm stage
• Translation takes place when the formed mRNA moves to the cytoplasm through the nucleus membrane pores.
• Once in the cytoplasm, mRNA meets a ribosome, which is the primary structure for protein synthesis.
• Ribosomes are organelles composed by the association of proteins with rRNA and tRNA. They can be found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum or floating in the cytosol.
• While the ribosome reads mRNA strain from its 5´ extreme to 3´, tRNA adds the correct amino acids to build the polypeptide.
→ mRNA is composed of different codons.
→ Each codon is a chort sequence of
three nucleotides that codes for one amino acid.
→ When tRNA molecules recognize these
sequencies, they add the correct amino
acid to the growing protein.
⇒ Protein synthesis ends when the proteins passes through the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi complex for their final folding process.
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