Which of the following sentences is an example of indirect characterization?

1. Although it was late, Molly knew that if she continued working a little longer her project would be perfect.
2. Kind and friendly, Joe was determined to welcome the new boy in the class.
3. David was always polite to his friends’ parents.
4. Molly’s good grades were a result of dedication to hard work.
5. All of these are examples of indirect characterization.