Answer:
A. Polyuria
B. Polydipsia
C. Polyphagia
Explanation:
Diabetes Mellitus is a clinical disorder in which there unregulated rise in blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient secretion of insulin(Insulin is an hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its function is to convert excess glucose to glycogen for storage.Its function is counter by glucagon which converted glycogen back to glucose). by the pancreas(type 1) or failure of the insulin receptors to respond to insulin.In either case the insulin failed to facilitate the entry of glucose into the cells, for glucose cellular utilization. Therefore excess glucose is wasted in urine.
As excess glucose is wasted by the kidney,this reduces the solute potential glomerular fluid as glucose molecules are passed/excreted into the glomerular fluid at the PCT ,thus water follows by osmosis,leading to production of large volume diluted urine.This condition is called Polyuria.
Hence, as the water potential of the plasma and the blood rise because of reduced solute potential due to loss of glucose,more water molecules are lost in the kidney by osmosis and in urine.This leads to excessive thirst;Polydipsia
As more glucose molecules are lost in the urine, the cells,especially of the brain lacks glucose for cellular metabolisms,therefore hunger sets in this is Polyphagia.(The brains cells depends on glucose for major physiological activities)
