When DNA is compacted by histones into 10-nm and 30-nm fibers, the DNA is unable to interact with proteins required for gene expression. Therefore, to allow for these proteins to act, the chromatin must constantly alter its structure. Which processes contribute to this dynamic activity? a.DNA supercoiling at or around H_1 b.methylation and phosphorylation of histone tails c.hydrolysis of DNA molecules where they are wrapped the nucleosome core d.All of the above

The addition of a methyl group to the amino acid of the histones of the nucleosomes that compacted DNA in the nucleus is called mehtylation, while the addtion of phodpahte is phosphorylation

Its effects on gene expression depends on the number of methyl groups, and type of amino acid that methylated. During transcription.

The DNA double strands are compacted and therefore hidden from transcription factors and enzymes of transcription by the hitones tails of the neuclosomes, Methylation weaken the binding bonds between the tails and DNA structure ; thereby aiding the uncoiling of DNA from the tails.(nucleosomes).This chemical reaction aided DNA strands exposure to transcription factors and enzymes, for initiation of transcription. This explains the dyanmic activity of methylation

Futhermore phophorylation also favours unwrapping of DNA, by imitating modifying enzymes e.g H3Y41E and H3T45E and convert it to→→ H3Y41phopspahte to aid DNA unwrapping and accessibility to transcription factors and RNA polymerase Enzymes,