Mr. Williams wants his third-grade students to understand the purpose of blubber in marine mammals. He sets up an experiment for his students using ice water, latex gloves, and lard. First, students put their gloved hands in ice water until they cannot keep them there any longer. Other students time how long they keep their hands submerged. Then, students put their gloved hands in bags of lard and submerge their hands again. Again, other students time how long they keep their hands submerged. All of the students are able to keep their hands in the ice water longer with their hands in the lard than they can when their hands are merely gloved. What learner-centered instructional strategy has Mr. Williams used?
a. discovery learning.
b. essential questions.
c. guided discovery.
d. problem-based learning.