1. You're correct, it's alternative.
2. Controversial. Grievances is a noun, and when the blank is right after the word "was" or "is", it's usually an adjective (like controversial).
EX: She's pretty, don't you think?
But sometimes, verbs ending in -ing can go there too.
EX: I'm running for the position of class president.
Anyway, controversial basically means that there's a lot of disagreement over it.
3. Primitive. Primitive means less advanced. Since electricity and gas-powered vehicles very advanced, primitive peoples have never used them.
4. Ambitious, correct.
5. Grievances. Grievances basically means issues or complaints.
6. Vendors. A vendor is someone who sells wares, usually food.
7. Collaborative. Collaborative means that two or more people have worked together on it.
8. Audition. An audition is when you try out for something, like a sports team or a role in a play.
9. Diverse. Diverse means there's a lot of variety. There's a lot of variety in the options the school offers.
10. Feats. A feat is a great achievement that usually requires courage or strength.
11. Opposition. Opposition is resistance to something, or not wanting it to happen because they disagree with it. Tree lovers are opposed to trees being cut down.
12. Endurance. Endurance is tolerating something that you don't like or want to do. The shoppers endured the long wait to get into the shop.
Hope this helps!