Mahmud of Ghazni was the most famous ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. He invaded and defeated the armies of modern day Afghanistan and Pakistan in 1001. In 1002, concentrated his attention on India, particularly the rich lands of the Punjab region.
Muhammad of Ghor was one of the most eminent rulers of the Ghurid Dynasty, a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent. His kingdom extended to parts of modern day Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, North India, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. In 1173 he conquered the city of Ghazni as a revenge for death of his ancestor at the hands of Mahmud of Ghazni.
