Amniocentesis. During this procedure, a long syringe is carefully inserted through the woman's stomach into the amniotic sac and withdraws some amniotic fluid. Various tests can be run on this fluid to determine what abnormalities the baby may have. The rest of the terms are rather important to know anyway so I will define them for you.
A pap smear is done on any woman annually to screen for cervical cancer.
A colonoscopy is done on people over 50 typically (and every 10 years after is normal) to screen for colon cancer and polyps, among other things.
Cesarean surgery is a C-section, which is a surgery to extract a baby if natural child birth is too risky and/or the baby is in distress. Basically, it's an emergency surgery for when the baby needs to come out NOW for both the safety of baby and mom.
An endometrial biopsy is when a doctor takes a small sample of the endometrium lining (uterus) and looks at it under a microscope to detect any abnormalities.
