1) Provide an example of political party performing in the following roles: (a) nominating, (b) informing and activating,(c) serving as a bonding agent, (d) governing, (e) serving as a watchdog.


5) (a) Describe the circumstances that led to the development of the first two political parties in American history.(b) Explain, using specific examples, how political parties strengthen or weaken U.S. democracy.
7) Explain what type of minor party is likely to develop around the following; (a) a strong personality, (b) the collapse of the stock market, (c ) a specific theory about government, (d) growing concern about climate change.