Answer:
Explanation:
A neutralization reaction is one in which an acid (or an acid oxide) reacts with a base (or basic oxide). In the reaction a salt is formed and in most cases water is formed. A Salt is an ionic compound formed by the union of ions and cations through ionic bonds. In this reaction the base provides the cation and the acid the anion
So:
acid + base ⇒ salt + water
Neutralization reactions are generally exothermic, which means they release energy in the form of heat.
Strong acids are those substances that dissociate completely, when dissolved in water. Strong acids are H₂SO₄, HCl, HNO₃, among others.
The strong bases dissociate completely, yielding all their OH⁻. Strong bases are alkali metals, and alkaline earth metals such as NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)₂, among others.
When an ionic compound dissociates entirely, it is known as a strong electrolyte. Strong electrolytes are, for example, NaCl and HCl.
In the reactions of a strong acid with a strong base the complete neutralization of the species is carried out:
2 HCl (ac) + Ba(OH)₂ (ac) → BaCl₂ (ac) + 2 H₂O (aq)
So no excess H⁺ or OH⁻ ions are generated, which means that the pH of strong electrolyte solutions that have been neutralized is intrinsically related to the acidic nature of their reactants. That is, the pH of this solution will depend on the strong electrolyte that is in greater proportion.
When a strong acid is neutralized with a strong base, as in this case, the pH undergoes a sharp variation just at the point of equivalence (when the equivalents of the acid and the base are equal, it is known as the equivalence point. say an equivalent amount of acid and base has been added). When neutralization occurs between the strong acid and the strong base the pH is equal to 7.
Indicators are substances that have the property of changing color by varying the acidity of the solution in which they are found. It is usually weak organic acids. The Ph jump that occurs around the aforementioned equivalence point is detected by the use of an acid base indicator that changes color when the jump occurs.
