I believe the correct answer is b. images that are not literally what they appear to be.
“The Treachery of Images” (also translated as “The Treason of Images” or “This Is Not a Pipe”) is a painting by René Magritte, the Belgian surrealist painter, whose intention was to highlights the gap between language and meaning. This can be also said for Jan van Eyck's painting “Giovanni Arnolfini and his wife Giovanna Cenami” as there is an ongoing debate on the theme of the painting. It was primary believe that it represents a certification of a marriage, but many historians disagree due to their analysis of the symbolic function of the details.