There are two types of reproduction, sexual and asexual. In sexual, there must be two organisms that each give one allele to the offspring. In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce using itself (by copying its own dna and then splitting. Examples include bacteria, prokaryotes)
There can be mutations in the dna of offspring. This is caused by nondisjunction, which is when cells don’t divide correctly. Down syndrome is an ecample of nondisjunction, where there is an extra chromosome.
Traits can be recessive or dominant. Dominant traits are represented by a capital letter, while recessive traits are represented by a lowercase letter. Dominant traits appear every generation, while recessive traits appear about every other generation. This is because recessive traits “hide” behind dominant traits. Dominant traits are the ones that show if both dominant and recessive are present.
