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When biologists speak of a universal genetic code they are referring to the fact that, in nearly all organisms, A) the DNA sequences are identical. B) RNA information is transcribed. C) RNA specifies proteins the same way. D) phenotype is dependent upon genotype.

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koolkid0319

C) RNA specifies proteins the same way.

In nearly all organisms, elements in mitochondrial RNA (called codons) specify each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins.

The universal genetic code refers to the fact that DNA sequence transcribed into messenger RNA is always read as a triplet sequence of codons. These codons are read during translation by ribosomes and translated into the amino acid sequence, resulting in the synthesis of proteins.

Further explanation:

Protein synthesis through genes occurs in two steps:

  1. The DNA sequence present in the gene is converted into the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence through transcription.  
  2. This mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence by translation resulting in the formation of protein or polypeptide chain.

The nucleotide sequence in the mRNA is read as a codon sequence in which each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides and a complete chain of codons determining the amino acid sequence for a particular protein is called the genetic code.

There are about 20 amino acids present in the proteins which are expressed through DNA containing only four nucleotides. The different sets of nucleotides present in a group of three codes for particular amino acids and are referred to as codons. This combination of nucleotides resulted in the formation of 64 codons for 20 amino acids. Out of 64 codons, three are stop codons while the other 61 codons represent an amino acid.  

It is said that the genetic code is universal which means that all the 20 amino acids are specified by the same codons in a number of organisms. Therefore, almost every organism uses the same set of rules for the translation of mRNA into proteins. These rules include reading the genetic code in the form of codon present in the mRNA by the ribosome in a sequential manner followed by protein synthesis as an amino acid sequence.

Learn more:

  1. Learn more about the product of photosynthesis https://brainly.com/question/873199
  2. Learn more about cellular respiration: https://brainly.com/question/8900186
  3. Learn more about glucose: https://brainly.com/question/5125550

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Genetics

Chapter: Translation of mRNA

Keywords:

mRNA, DNA, proteins, amino acids, gene, genetic code, codon, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, nucleotides.

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