“Hail to thee, O my father Osiris, I have come and I have embalmed this my flesh so that my body may not decay. I am whole, even as my father Khepera was whole, who is to me the type of that which passeth not away….Grant thou to me to endure for ever, even as thou me, o thou who art lord of the grave.” - translation from the Egyptian Book of the Dead, published in 1895

In the accompanying passage, an Egyptian pharaoh is requesting eternal life from the Egyptian god Osiris. How did Egyptian pharaohs differ from other rulers of early river valley civilizations?

A) Males and females could rule over Egypt.

B) Pharaohs were chosen by the Egyptian people.

C) Pharaohs were considered to be gods, unlike other river valley civilization rulers.

D) Ancient Egypt was split up into small regional city-states rather than one unified region.

Pharaos were considered son of the god-sun, Amun-Re and incarnnatiof of the falcon-god, Horus. The other river valley civilization rulers had kings whose functions were at the same time, military, political and religious chiefs, and were considered the god's representaives , having the right to the greater part of the commuity's lands, also the gifts offered to the gods.