1. If your options are A. the ideals of freedom and individualism, B. the present constitution, C. nothing that will endure, D. a legacy of conflict and divisiveness, the correct answer is C. nothing that will endure. Judging by this excerpt alone, Paine thinks that the government such as it is will not be "sufficiently lasting", which means the current state is unviable and it has to be changed. By the way, the verb "to bequeath" means to pass something on to your children; to give something to someone else before one's death.
2. If your options are A. of a gentleman presents him from associating with common folk, B. of any nation has the right to blame their predecessors for their suffering, C. of any single person is enough to grant him or her any authority over another person, D. of any government can easily be damaged by false press and rumors, then the correct answer is B. of any nation has the right to blame their predecessors for their suffering. Posterity means future generations, children and their children - actually, everybody who will live in the world that we create today. Paine doesn't explicitly say that the posterity will blame their ancestors, but he implies that people's actions today are creating the future and are responsible for it. Accordingly, they will be to blame for their descendants' unhappiness.
