(1) The umbrella dates back more than 3,000 years to Mesopotamia. (2) That ancient land was located in the Middle East. (3) The Middle East is a hot and sunny part of the world. (4) Royalty there demanded protection from the sun. (5) People developed the umbrella for this purpose. (6) Use of the umbrella as a sunshade then spread to ancient Europe. (7) In fact, if you analyze the origin of the word umbrella,you will see that it reflects the umbrella’s original purpose. (8) Umbrella comes from the Latin word umbra. (9) Umbra means “shade.” (10) Eventually, the Romans used the umbrella to protect themselves from the rain. (11) They used the umbrella to protect themselves from the sun as well. (12) Today, umbrellas are used mainly as raingear. Which is the most effective way to combine sentences 2 and 3?

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zj360
The sentences: "(2) That ancient land was located in the Middle East. (3) The Middle East is a hot and sunny part of the world" can be combined as follows:

This ancient land was located in the hot and sunny Middle East.

Combining two sentences into shorter ones improves the quality and readability of writing, making the material more clear and understandable 
for readers.
vaduz

Answer:

That ancient land was located in the Middle East which is a hot and sunny part of the world.

Explanation:

(2) That ancient land was located in the Middle East.

(3) The Middle East is a hot and sunny part of the world.

Instead of words repeating themselves again and again, joining sentences together makes it easier and more understandable for the readers. From the passage, sentences (2) and (3) can be joined in such a way that the sentence becomes "That ancient land was located in the Middle East which is a hot and sunny part of the world". This makes it easier to relate to the two sentences and it also reduces the repetition of the same word "Middle East". Moreover, it improves the flow of the words in the sentence.