Translation is converting the mRNA code from DNA to functional proteins. The requirements for translation to occur is an mRNA strand in the cytoplasm from the nucleus, ribosomes, and tRNA containing a specific amino acid.
The first step is initiation where the ribosomal subunits attach to the mRNA strand then the tRNA will bind to the start codon (the mRNA sequence that signals the start of translation or AUG). The next step is the elongation phase where the subsequent codons are recognized and the respective amino acid from the tRNA is attached to the growing chain. Lastly, the termination phase where the growing amino acid chain will detach from the mRNA through the recognition of the stop codon (UAG, UGA, UAA).
