Which is considered the most widely used group of antibiotics due to their bactericidal nature, their resistance to beta-lactamases, and their activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens?

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13-01-2018
Biology

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Which is considered the most widely used group of antibiotics due to their bactericidal nature, their resistance to beta-lactamases, and their activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens?

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danilosanmartin danilosanmartin · Answer 1 · 2018-01-19T16:48:37+01:00

The beta-lactam group of antibiotics such as penicillins (i.e. Amoxicillin), cephalosporins (i.e. Cefuroxime), and carbapenems (i.e. Meropenem) is the most widely used group of antibiotics. Beta-lactams are bactericidal. Beta-lactams have no innate resistance to beta-lactamases (enzymes produced by bacteria to break down beta-lactam antibiotics), but they can be paired with a beta-lacamase inhibitor such as Clavulanic acid. Later generations of beta-lactams may offer resistance to beta-lactamases. Beta-lactams offer activity against a broad spectrum of bacterial pathogens, including gram-positive, gram-negative, and (in higher doses, such as Cefazolin) anaerobic coverage.

avantikar avantikar · Answer 2 · 2020-02-22T11:52:58+01:00

Penicillin and cephalosporin are the most widely used group of antibiotics due to their bactericidal nature, their resistance to beta-lactamases, and their activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens.

Further Explanation:

Antibiotics are clinically significant in eradicating microorganisms from the eukaryotic surface. The mode of action of antibiotics is different from each other. Some antibiotics inhibit the cell wall synthesis of bacteria, such as penicillin and bacitracin.

Many antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis by a different mode of action, such as:

• Cephalosporin: It is obtained from the fungus Acremonium. This antibiotic has a beta-lactam ring that is similar to the structure of peptidoglycan. This antibiotic binds to penicillin-binding protein and halts the process of cell wall synthesis.

• Penicillin: It inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall by binding to penicillin-binding protein and halting the synthesis of peptidoglycan. Bacteria achieve resistance to this antibiotic by altering the structure of the target. For example, staphylococcus aureus can become resistant to methicillin antibiotics by expressing PBP2a protein that lowers the affinity of beta-lactam antibiotic to bind with the penicillin-binding protein.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: Antibiotic

Keywords:

Cephalosporin, penicillin, inhibit, peptidoglycan, antibiotic, binding protein, affinity, resistance, microorganism, cell wall, beta-lactam.