A. Thomas Aquinas - 3. He was a Catholic priest who studied how reason and faith could coexist.
One proof of this is one of his most famous works; The Summa Theologica, that Aquinas wrote during his last years, between 1265 and 1274. The work consisted of 3,125 articles in which he presented several reasoning for many of the subjects of Christian theology in the West while he cited many philosophers and religious sources to support their arguments, with the purpose of reconciling faith and reason.
B. Charlemagne - 2. He was the Holy Roman Emperor who spread Christianity throughout Europe.
During his reign, Charlemagne (742-814), who considered himself a devoted Christian, vehemently sought to unite all the Germanic people into one kingdom and convert them all to Christianity. He achieved this by conquering many Western and northern Europe countries and tribes and forcing them to follow the religion.
C. Pope Gregory VII - 1. He excommunicated the king when they disagreed over who should appoint bishops.
The Pope Gregory VII. was in conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV since the first years of the Emperor's rule (1056-1105) as the latter refused to accept the primacy of papal authority to appoint local church officials through investiture and determined to chose them by his own. The Pope excommunicated him 3 times.
D. King John of England - 4. He was forced to sign the Magna Carta by an alliance of barons.
The Magna Carta was a charter of rights initially drafted by Archbishop Stephen Langton and by some Barons of England that were tired of the King's tyranny. The document provided a new framework for the relationship between the King and his subjects, in which, for the first time, everybody, including the king, was subject to the law, it also stated the liberties of free men. King John of England agreed to sign it on 15 June 1215.
