1) stimulate rapid shoot growth while slowing down root growth and increasing the need for more frequent mowing; 2) deplete the plant's carbohydrate reserves more rapidly, which in turn can result in less stress tolerance and slower recovery from any injury to the plant; 3) result in thinner, more succulent leaf tissue, which increases moisture loss and therefore creates a greater need for water; 4) can predispose the plant to greater insect and disease problems