Answer:
The answer is D): Literacy tests; the grandfather clause.
Explanation:
Literary tests—which were used to ascertain a voter’s ability to read, comprehend and write—involved measuring whether or not a voter was adequately “educated” enough to vote, while the Grandfather clause—which allowed mostly whites who had voted prior to the enactment of the Fifteenth Amendment, and their descendants to vote—ensured that white voters of all backgrounds would still be able vote; this had the effect of excluding black people from voting.
