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Their difference in political stance. Sunni's believed that anyone who was fit for being a leader could be elected, whereas Shia's believed in traditional ruling.
The major split in Islam is that between the majority Sunnis and the minority Shiites. The split goes back to events in the 7th century: After Mohammed’s death in 632, leadership of the Islamic community passed to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, one of Mohammed’s closest companions.