Respuesta :
The succession to Muhammad raises questions about the leadership of Islam after his death: Muhammad's successor, how they should be elected, conditions of legitimacy and the role of successor. Answers to these questions have led to several divisions in the Muslim community since the first century of Muslim history, giving rise to the Sunni, Shia and Khawarij schools. After Muhammad's death in AD 632, disagreement broke out over who should succeed him as leader of the Muslim community. Since none of his sons survived into adulthood, hereditary succession was not an option. Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), a prominent companion of Muhammad, nominated Abu Bakr. Others added their support, and Abu Bakr was made the first caliph. This choice was disputed by some of Muhammad's companions, who believed that Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), his cousin and son-in-law, had been designated his successor.[1] During the First and Second Fitnas the Islamic community divided into a number of groups, each of which had a specific idea about successorship. After the Rashidun caliphate evolved into monarchies and sultanates, Sunnis held power in most areas; Shias emerged in opposition.Welcome
The successor of the Prophet Muhammad was a central issue that divided Muslims into several branches in the first century of Islamic history.
Further explanation
A few months before his death, Muhammad gave a sermon at Ghadir Khumm where he announced that Ali bin Abi Talib would be his successor. After the sermon, Muhammad ordered Muslims to swear allegiance to Ali. Shiite and Sunni sources agree that Abu Bakr, Umar bin Khattab, and Uthman bin Affan were among many who swore allegiance to Ali during this event. But shortly after Muhammad's death, a group of Muslims held a meeting at Saqifah, where Muhammad's friend, Umar, promised to be loyal to Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr later took power, and his supporters were known as Sunni. However, another group of Muslims remained loyal to Ali, who later became known as the Shiite group, stating that although Ali's right as a political leader had been taken, he remained a religious and spiritual leader after Muhammad's death.
After the deaths of Abu Bakr and two other Sunni leaders, Umar and Uthman, Sunni Muslim groups then followed Ali for political leadership. After Ali died, his son Hasan bin Ali succeeded him, both politically and according to Shi'ite groups, also religiously. However, after six months, he was forced to agree with Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan, which stipulated that Muawiyah would have political power if he did not choose who would succeed him. Muawiyah violated the agreement and made his son, Yazid the successor and formed the Umayyad Caliphate. Meanwhile, Hasan and after his death, his brother, Husain bin Ali, remained a religious leader, at least according to Shia. So according to the Sunnis, anyone who holds political power is considered as the successor of Muhammad, while the Shiites claim that the twelve Imams (Ali, Hasan, Husain, and descendants of Husain) are the successors of Muhammad, even if they have no political power.
Learn More :
Muhammad ; brainly.com/question/4290234
First caliph or successor to Muhammad; https://brainly.com/question/1081306
Details
Class: Junior High
Subject: Social Studies
Keyword: Muhammad
