The first settlements in the Nile Valley began around
7,000 years ago. Hunters and gatherers moved to the Nile Valley from
less fertile areas in Africa and southwest Asia. As in other parts of
the world, these settlements gradually developed into more and more
complex societies. Most Egyptians lived near the Nile as it provided water, food, transportation and excellent, fertile soil
for growing food. Ancient Egypt could not have existed without the
river Nile. Since rainfall is almost non-existent in Egypt, the floods
provided the only source of moisture to sustain crops.
I hope this helps.
