Answer: temperature
Explanation:
A limiting factor is the one which is capable of limiting the growth, distribution and abundance of the population of the species. A density independent limiting factor is the one whose influence on the population remains unaffected by the density of the population. It will cause the per capita growth rate to change. Temperature is a density independent factor because the temperature of an area can vary. It is an abiotic (non-living component) of the ecosystem. It's effect does not dependent upon the density of the population.
