Answer: Hydrogen ions.
pH refers to 'Potential of hydrogen ions'. It is a measure of acidity or basicity of substances which are soluble in water.
pH scale indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. Higher the concentration of hydrogen ions, higher is the acidity of solution.
On the pH scale, value varies from 1 to 14. Number 7 indicates a neutral solution, whereas 1 and 14 being the most acidic and basic respectively.
The pH scale measurement system that indicates the concentration of a solution depends on the concentration of H ions
pH is the degree of acidity of a solution that depends on the concentration of H⁺ ion. The greater the value the more acidic the solution and the smaller the pH.
pH = - log [H⁺]
So that the two quantities between pH and [H⁺] are inversely proportional because they are associated with negative values.
A solution whose value is different by n has a difference in the concentration of H⁺ ion of 10ⁿ.
Example
0.01 M HNO₃ solution
HNO₃ is a strong ionized acid:
HNO₃ ---> H⁺ + NO₃⁻
produces 1 H⁺ ion so it has acid valence 1
So we use a strong acid formula to find the pH
[H⁺] = a. M
[H⁺] = 1. 0.01
[H⁺] = 10⁻²
pH = - log [H⁺]
pH = - log 10⁻²
pH = 2
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Keywords : pH, solution, the degree of acidity, indicator, acid, the pH scale
