Answer:
Options 1 and 3; peptic ulcer and gastritis
Explanation:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nonopioid analgesics that can relieve pain by inhibiting the prostaglandin synthesis responsible for causing inflammation. Commonly recognized NSAIDs include ibuprofen (brand name Advil and Motrin) and aspirin. Some athletes may recognize ketorolac (brand name Toradol), because it can be locally injected for rapid onset of action.
A downside of NSAIDs, however, is that a side effect or adverse reaction to their use includes gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding with prolonged use.
Therefore, they are contraindicated for patients with GI disorders such as active peptic ulcers and gastritis, options 1 and 3.
Some of the medications in this drug class are metabolized primarily by the kidneys, of which ketorolac is one; thus, patients with renal insufficiency will want to use cautiously these specific NSAIDs. This does not mean, though, they should not be avoided altogether, unless the patient is at risk for renal failure.
