Which of the following is not a necessary element of promissory
estoppel?
Enforcement of the promise is the only way to avoid injustice.
The promisor must intend or should reasonably expect that the promise will
rely on the promise.
The promisor and the promise must engage in a bargained-for exchange.
The promisco must in fact rely on the promise in some definite and substantial
maraor

El tercer elemento no es necesario para la aplicación del estoppel por promesa. Los otros tres elementos son cruciales: la ejecución de la promesa para evitar injusticia, la intención o expectativa razonable de que el beneficiario de la promesa confíe en ella, y la confianza efectiva en la promesa por parte del beneficiario de manera definitiva y sustancial.

Explanation:

The third option is not a necessary element of promissory estoppel. The other three elements are crucial for the application of promissory estoppel: the enforcement of the promise to avoid injustice, the intent or reasonable expectation of reliance on the promise by the promisee, and the actual reliance on the promise by the promisee in a definite and substantial manner.