Answer:
Option 1, Fowler's
Explanation:
Fowler's position, or a variation of it, is the standard seated position for patient hospital beds.
This is because this upright head positioning allows for maximum chest expansion hence aiding in providing the patient with adequate ventilation and thus oxygenation while also relaxing the patient's abdomen -- it helps the patient breathe; it helps peristalsis, the movement of fecal matter through the intestines, occur without having to combat the force of gravity; it aligns the spine is a fairly ergonomic position; and it mitigates the risk of a patient aspirating any fluids or substances they may ingest or vomit during their visit.
The variations of the Fowler's position are denoted as high, semi, and low. High-Fowler's places the patient's posterior at a 90-degree angle, much like they are sitting on the wall of a building with their knees slightly elevated. Semi-Fowler's places the patient's back at between a 30-45 degree angle much like they are sat in a recliner chair. Some consider Semi-Fowler's range to be 15 to 45 degrees. Lastly, low-Fowler's places the patient at a less than 15-degree angle, slightly elevating their head.
In the supine position, the patient is flat on their back. Though it may align the spine, it forces the patient to combat the force of gravity when breathing, thus not promoting maximum chest expansion.
In the Trendelenburg position, the patient is supine but their distal section of the bed is elevated between 15-30 degrees, placing the patient at an incline where the level of their feet is above their head. It does not promote maximum chest expansion and aid in breathing for the same reason as the supine position.
In the prone position, the patient is flat on their torso. Their spine may be aligned once more, but their chest cannot fully expand due to being pressed against the bed.
