No amino acid molecule by itself can speed up or catalyze reactions between other molecules; however, when amino acids are joined together to make a protein with catalytic properties, the new structure (enzymatic protein) can speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction. What does this illustrate? Consider the notion that biological systems are more than the sum of their parts.
A. the complexity/simplicity paradox
B. emergent properties
C. energy flow, processing, and utilization
D. polymer duality
E. the summation theory