Implement comprehensive logging mechanisms.
Maintain audit trails to track changes and access to sensitive data.
Illustration: Create a flowchart depicting the logging and audit trail processes.

7. Non-repudiation:
Description: Prevent users from denying their actions, ensuring accountability for their actions.

Implementation:

Use digital signatures to link actions to specific users.
Include timestamps in logs for establishing the timing of user actions.
Illustration: Draw a diagram illustrating how digital signatures and timestamps are incorporated into the system.

These diagrams can be created using various online diagramming tools. Once created, you can share or embed them in presentations or documentation as needed.


User
A presidential candidate hired a public relations firm to conduct a poll to see whether he
faces a gender gap with voters. That is, he wants to know whether gender is related to how
a voter feels about him as a candidate. The poll asked 800 men and 750 women how they
felt about the candidate. The responses are in the table below. Perform the chisquare test
to determine whether this politician faces a gender gap.
i) State your hypotheses.
(2 Marks)
ii) Find the critical value for this test.
(3 Marks)
iii) Construct a table to calculate the observed and expected counts. Then calculate the
test statistic.
(13 Marks)
iv) Based on answer in (b), state a conclusion about the results of your test.
(2 Marks