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The mitochondria are famously known as the powerhouse of the cell since it is the one that gives the cells energy that is also used by the human being.  This energy conversion is called oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria are found in eukaryotic cells, including humans.  These organelles also had its own genome, or what we called as DNA which is known as mitochondrial DNA, or mtDNA which is present in the mitochondrial matrix.  The role of mtDNA or mitochondrial DNA is to convert the energy from food into any other forms that it thinks the cell can use.  It is containing 37 genes which are all necessary for a normal mitochondrial function.

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The mitochondrial genome is particularly used in the genetics of human populations, or in agronomy, as a genetic marker for evolutionary biology.

The mitochondrial genome encodes the proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as its rRNAs and tRNAs.

During evolution, the mitochondria has conserved their own genome. It is essential for the proper functioning of these organelles, which is the production of cellular energy.

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