Answer: B. Ethos and logos.
Explanation: The three most common audience appeals when giving an argumentative speech are ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos is the appealing to the audience's ethics. Pathos is the appealing to the audience's emotions and logos is the appealing to the audience's logic. All three of this have the function of helping convince the audience of an argument in a controversial topic. In the given excerpt from Hirohito's speech addressing Japan's surrender in World War II, the author uses ethos and logos to appeal the audience.
