The sentence that is punctuated correctly is, "Every carpenter must have these tools: a tape measure, a hammer, and a chisel."
Remember, you should only use a colon after a complete sentence when listing items. "Every carpenter must have these tools" could stand alone, which is why it is okay to use the colon to introduce the list of tools. In the other examples, the part of the sentence before the colon could not stand alone, therefore the colon is not necessary.
