When hydrogen forms a covalent bond with another atom, it typically forms a sigma (σ) bond. A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond.
A sigma bond is a type of covalent bond that is formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis connecting the two atoms. Sigma bonds are the strongest and most stable types of covalent bonds, and they are responsible for the majority of the bonding in most molecules.
In the case of hydrogen, the sigma bond is formed by the overlap of the 1s orbital on the hydrogen atom with an orbital on the other atom. The 1s orbital is the lowest energy orbital on the hydrogen atom and is characterized by a spherical shape. When hydrogen forms a covalent bond with another atom, the sigma bond is typically the only bond that is formed. It is important to note that hydrogen can also form other types of bonds, such as pi (π) bonds, which are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals perpendicular to the axis connecting the two atoms. However, these types of bonds are less common and are typically weaker than sigma bonds.
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