As long as people have employed sails to catch the wind, wind power has been used. Grain mills and water pumps have been driven by wind for more than two millennia.
The use of wind energy was widespread and was not restricted to the banks of swift-moving streams or later, when fuel was needed. The Netherlands' polders were drained by wind-powered pumps, while in desert areas like the American Midwest or Australia's outback, wind pumps supplied water for animals and steam engines.
By the ninth century, the windmill and wind pump—machines that use wind power to grind grain and pump water—had been invented in what are now Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
Sistan, a province in Iran bordering Afghanistan, may have had the first effective windmills in use as early as the mid- to late-7th century, at the very least.
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