An affirmative action programs which would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) are:
In social science, these are actions that involves sets of policies and practices within a government seeking to include particular groups based on their gender, race, nationality etc in the areas in which such groups are underrepresented.
According to a poll, majority of whites and 1/3 of blacks oppose a preferential treatment for minorities. The opponents of the affirmative action have long charged that the programs discriminate against white males.
Also, recent critics argues that preferential treatment programs victimize and stigmatize minorities, thereby, its increases the friction among groups.
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