The typical functions of proteins encoded by genes that may become oncogenes are:
A mutated (altered) form of a proto-oncogene, which is involved in normal cell growth and division. When a proto-oncogene is altered in such a way that too many copies are produced or it becomes more active than normal, it is referred to as an oncogene.
The HER2 gene, which produces the HER2 protein, is an example of an oncogene. This protein regulates the division and growth of healthy breast cells. Extra copies of this gene may result in an excess of HER2 protein, causing cells to grow faster. Some breast cancer and ovarian cancer cells contain the HER2 oncogene. When a proto-oncogene is mutated, it becomes an oncogene, causing the cell to divide and multiply uncontrollably.
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