Many abolitionists were enraged by the fact that the possessions in Mexico were forcing American blood to be spilt on American soil.
Many people did not believe in the Manifest Destiny, which essentially asserted that America had the right to claim all of North America, which was another factor in the opposition to the conflict.
President Polk primarily sought the Mexican War in order to gain additional land for the United States. Democrats and Southerners made up the majority of those who supported the war.
Southerners backed the war on the expectation that more land would be taken, leading to the admission of more states into the union as slave states. The Whig Party opposed the war for the same reason — they were abolitionists. Abolitionists wanted to abolish slavery, but their efforts to make the United States a slave-free nation were hampered by the emergence of additional slave states.
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