A carbocation intermediate is created when the pi electrons take a hydrogen from H2SO4.
An E1 reaction and a racemic product are the results of this. A racemic product usually favors the more stable trans diastereomer. H2SO4 will function as a catalyst since it is regenerated, which restarts the process.
Data indicate that water is the best solvent for achieving the best saturation and recrystallization of benzoic acid. This is partly because water is a polar molecule with features that enable carboxylic acid groups, like the one in benzoic acid, to dissociate and give protons to the water.
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