A firm purchasing key supplier to strengthen its value chain is an example of the vertical integration.
Vertical integration is a word used to describe the situation in which a firm's supply chain is integrated and owned by that company in microeconomics, management, and international political economy. Contrast it with horizontal integration, where a single company produces a number of closely related products. In addition to bringing a significant chunk of the supply chain under a single corporate ownership, vertical integration has also been used to describe management approaches. Vertical integration and expansion are preferred because they guarantee the firm's access to the markets and the suppliers it needs to manufacture and sell its goods. Vertical integration and expansion may turn out to be unfavorable if they function in a way that restricts free competition in a market that is open to everybody.
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