In the event that the vice president is absent, the Senate must elect a president pro tempore to take the oath of office. The president pro tempore has the authority to appoint new senators, sign legislation, and administer the oath of office.
They are elected by the entire Senate, typically through a resolution that is passed unanimously without a vote. Many privileges and limited powers have been enjoyed by the president pro tempore. The president pro tempore is authorized to preside over sessions of the Senate when the vice president is absent.
Democrat Patrick Leahy of Vermont, the current president pro tempore of the Senate, took office on January 20, 2021, during the 117th Congress.
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