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some signaling pathways in the cell are chiefly based on inhibition rather than activation. for example, proteins that initiate programmed cell death by apoptosis are inhibited by anti-apoptotic proteins, which can in turn be inhibited by a group of pro-apoptotic proteins, and so on. consider the following networks of inhibitory interactions, taking note that each protein is inactive if at least one of its inhibitors is active. in which pathway is the activation of either upstream protein (1 or 2) sufficient to inhibit apoptosis?

Respuesta :

The death receptor and the mitochondrial pathways, or intrinsic and extrinsic, respectively.

What pathways are opened up as a result of an apoptotic signal?

Along with a perforin/granzyme pathway, the two primary apoptosis pathways are intrinsic and extrinsic. To start an energy-dependent cascade of chemical reactions, each needs particular triggering signals. Each pathway triggers its unique initiator caspase (8, 9, or 10), which triggers the executioner caspase-3.

What causes the signaling channels to open?

A chemical signaling molecule always initiates the activation of these signal transduction pathways' molecular components. Three classes of signaling molecules exist: cell-impermeant, cell-permeant, and cell-associated signaling molecules.

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