The Spanish created a strong coalition with all the downtrodden, subjugated, and frightened Mesoamerican nations, particularly the Tlaxcalans, and were able to defeat the Aztec Empire. The Spaniards could not have captured the empire on their own.
The Aztec civilization is remembered as the last of the great Mesoamerican civilizations before Europeans came. The Inca Empire, known to its citizens as Tawantinsuyu, was the biggest empire in pre-Columbian America. Cusco served as the empire's administrative, political, and military headquarters.
The Aztecs were terrified when the Spanish arrived with horses, rifles, and other weapons. The Spanish also carried smallpox with them. Because the Aztecs had never been exposed to the disease, thousands of people perished as it swept over Mexico.
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