Feudalism is the political, armed forces, and social structure of medieval Europe that was based on fief or fee ownership of land and the consequent relationships between lord and vassal.
Many city dwellers fled to the countryside in search of more protection because rulers were frequently unable to fend off the invaders. Due to the invasions and a feeble central administration, feudalism—a new form of social and political organisation—emerged.
Feudalism built a social structure that governed European civilization for about 400 years by incorporating components of both the clientage system and manorialism. Feudalism was based on ideas from the Roman Empire and used a system of servitude whereby members of each group would serve as vassals to those in the group above them. The serfs, the peasant class that worked the land for the aristocratic landlords, made up the lowest class and the largest portion of the population.
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